How to Get Really Into Writing an Essay

<h1>How to Get Really Into Writing an Essay</h1><p>When you get truly into composing a paper, you have to know where you should begin. The subject you pick ought to have a great deal of importance to your subject. Your point can be the title or the blueprint of your essay.</p><p></p><p>The fundamental center ought to be the subject and you should focus on the first thought, the topic of your paper, not the strategy for your exposition. It is significant that you compose well, regardless of whether it is something that won't be that vital in the end.</p><p></p><p>In truth, a great deal of secondary school understudies don't compose any longer, since they don't have a decent voice and they don't have any thought on the best way to utilize their voices recorded as a hard copy. Be that as it may, on the off chance that you are one of them, you will have a superior possibility of composing your own article or essay.</p&g t;<p></p><p>There are a ton of things you can do to assist you with turning into a progressively successful author, yet one of the most significant things is to begin reviewing your paper from the beginning. You need to begin from the musings and conclusions that you have and to include the examination into the words that you write.</p><p></p><p>One great approach to help you around there is to perceive how you write when all is said in done. On the off chance that you wind up putting an excessive amount of accentuation on punctuation and on how the words are spelled, it might be a smart thought to take a gander at how you word the sentences. At the point when you consider it, you will most likely understand that you will in general compose sentences so as to not sound correct.</p><p></p><p>These are extremely regular slip-ups and you should begin figuring out how to stay away from them, in the event that you will be composing expositions or articles. Recollect that you have to expound on your contemplations and conclusions, not the manner in which you have concocted the considerations. You ought to compose dependent on the ideas that you gain from understanding books, so don't stress a lot over how you are writing.</p><p></p><p>You will in any case need to compose your paper, so on the off chance that you get excessively got up to speed in the sentence structure and spelling of your article, it will presumably not be in the same class as in the event that you were composing it as you typically would. Ensure that you just remember things for your paper that you have learned through perusing and tuning in. This will assist you with recalling your article and you will have the option to make it interesting.</p><p></p><p>Writing with a group of people is significant, so you might need to think about composing your paper in the principal individual. Th is will assist you with interfacing your musings to what you are composing and will assist you with your composing style. Whenever you go to compose an article, you will have the option to contemplate your thoughts and you will have a superior possibility of getting the best outcomes out of your writing.</p>

What the In-Crowd Wont Tell You About Conclusion Sentence

<h1>What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Conclusion Sentence </h1> <p>Actually, on the genuine AP test, you probably won't get to the end in the scarcest. The presentation should offer essential foundation data and catch their eye to guide it towards the proposal and the entire paper. Irrefutably the most prosperous articles have solid completions, where the end is only probably the most grounded component of the post. Assuming be that as it may, the exploration assumes control more than five pages, the perfect thought regarding how to start a determination for an examination paper is recap what you've just composed. </p> <p>Not utilizing the closing sentence constantly brings about punishments. You're ready to utilize a finishing up sentence to state how you need to discover things change later on. At the point when you're composing an extraordinary end section, you need to consider the significant point you need to become across and be certain it's i ncorporated. Nothing can be simpler than to make the keep going passage with our on-line generator! </p> <h2>Conclusion Sentence Secrets </h2> <p>A determination is a case that has been reached by methods for a procedure of thinking. Contextual analyses are an adequate way to deal with research conceivable separation by these sorts of guards. To sum up, despite the fact that it's easy to perceive any reason why permitting a primary school youngster to have a cell phone would be helpful for after-school pickups or organizing playdates with buddies, there's an excessive amount of proof to show that it's commonly not a good thought. Obviously, a few understudies can't make a generally excellent last section, that is the motivation behind why we are providing you with an on-line end creator. </p> <p>If for example, you're composing a similarly short, 5-page task, you may utilize any of the methods depicted previously. The span of an end is regularly r elative to the time of the whole content. All the more oftentimes, the last area is some mix of the underlying 3 methods for closure the report. The rest of the areas are diverse dependent on the kind of task. </p> <p>After you have flagged that you're attracting your article to a nearby, after that you can repeat the chief purposes of your exposition. On the off chance that you've experienced any end passage models, you will be able to watch the focuses that you can remember for your article. You might need to intensify the most significant purpose of an exposition or spot it in an alternate point of view for setting a greater setting. Consummation an article with comparable situation may assist with demonstrating your point and improve an understanding.</p> <p>The paper end models will be an impression of our the composing tests that were given. Of course, you'll locate a lot of article end models on the net, however in the event that you truly wish to pro the completion of your paper, you ought to put a brief period and exertion into endeavoring to understand what highlights make the last segment of any paper worth perusing. </p> <p>After you have delivered the presentation and body part, it's an ideal opportunity to think about the end. Since the end is the past segment of the discussion, it is as often as possible the part the crowd recollects best. Your decision isn't the place to present anything new. The articulation end indicates the end segment of a touch of composing. </p> <p>Then, the passage must offer proof that underpins that guarantee. Before showing up in its determination sentence, a body section should initially develop the contention it's progressing. A closing sentence is used to flag your passage is going to a completion. A finishing up sentence shouldn't be excessively long or excessively short. </p> <h2>Things You Should Know About Conclusion Sentence </h2> <p>Our t ests are fittingly inquired about from dependable sources, you will have the option to find the suitable source refered to at the end of the paper in the proper reference. Your inquiry must be legitimately about the focal theme and point of the paper. Taking everything into account, expositions end models referenced already should offer you a touch of motivation for your own paper. For example, It's easy to deliver your own popsicles. </p> <h2> Get the Scoop on Conclusion Sentence Before You're Too Late </h2> <p>You need to give your peruser the last remark about the full subject you've been talking about. In the event that the essayist has not gotten an opportunity to add an assessment about the subject, the last idea is the past opportunity to accomplish that. An end specifies some keep going decisions on the chief subject of the content and ends a theme on a sound point. The way wherein you present your point in the presentation gives the peruser the absol ute early introduction. </p> <h2> Gossip, Deception and Conclusion Sentence</h2> <p>As expressed above, summing up your whole discourse will give the crowd a flashback of what your discourse is about. Counting a solid end at the finish of the composing leaves a strong impact on the perusers. Your decision can go past the bounds of the task. A compelling end is intensive and elaborative, it gives an unmistakable and hearty thought in regards to the whole content. </p> <h2>The Battle Over Conclusion Sentence and How to Win It </h2> <p>Conclusions which are too extensive frequently have pointless data inside them. Questions likewise help sparkle remarks toward the completion of the review. Finishing up explanations should give the impression of rundown of your entire body sections. </p> <h2> Conclusion Sentence Secrets That No One Else Knows About </h2> <p>When you're ready to check at an end passage model and resp ond what you have seen in your article, you will be on the fitting way. You ought to likewise realize where and how to start an end for an exposition. On the off chance that you might want to figure out how to form an end for a descriptive exposition, you additionally should focus on your vital thought and postulation explanation. A wonderful determination of a discourse comes out of a prevalent presentation. </p>

Writing an Outline Or Roadmap For Your Research Essay

Writing an Outline Or Roadmap For Your Research EssayWhen you're putting together a road map for the semester or term at hand, a road map may seem like a pretty strange thing to choose as your final word on your project. While most people would expect to spend their project time creating an outline, compiling this outline into a more manageable piece, and actually completing a research paper, the road map takes this all a step further.It's very true that doing a research essay requires a lot of planning and preparation ahead of time, but there's another layer of planning and preparation that any writing assignment requires. As I'm sure you're aware, you want to do your research first, and then write an essay based on that research. However, there are some topics that are just too important to leave entirely up to your own discretion. These kinds of topics require not only more research but an outline as well.What are these kinds of essays about? I've even known some professors to cre ate an outline for their essay. It might be about sports, or technology, or a social issue, or even politics, but the outline is always a step above a road map, as it provides a framework of sorts for the research part of the essay, while providing information on how to research the topics you are writing about.Here's what I mean by an outline. You can't just work your way through the topics in the essay; rather, you have to lay out a timeline that charts your progress from beginning to end. Depending on the subject, a timeline can be a lot shorter or longer than an outline would be. In addition, it doesn't matter if you write an outline or a roadmap writing essay; either way, you'll need to include some sort of timeline.Writing the timeline is usually done after the initial research process has been completed. The timeline begins with the initial research, and it continues through the entire writing of the essay. This makes sense, as we can see what we're going to need to do after we've completed the research.The most important part of an outline is that it provides a foundation on which you can build your roadmap. The roadmap provides information on research methods, as well as outlines, and it also includes information on how to research the topics you're writing about. It also contains a timeline so that you can properly outline the steps that you will take throughout the writing process.After you've finished the research, create your timeline, and then create a road map based on that timeline. Keep the timeline and road map the same size, so that you can easily follow the information between them. A good idea is to keep each timeline and road map the same length, so that you don't have to decipher how much information is available between the two.It's important to understand that no road map or timeline is really perfect. We all make mistakes when we're writing, and as long as you've taken the time to do your research properly, you'll be able to make adju stments as you go along, creating a solid outline as well as a viable road map.

Start Writing Your First College Essay With Texas Essay Samples

Start Writing Your First College Essay With Texas Essay SamplesApplytexas Essay Samples is a unique resource that is truly helpful when it comes to writing your first and most important college essay. The greatest reason to use this essay samples is the fact that you can learn almost everything you need to know from just reading through them. That being said, applying a bit of creativity can also be a big help in the area of writing your own great College Essay.The question at hand is: How do you get started with using Applytexas Essay Samples? Here's a couple of easy ways to go about it: You can find out by going online and searching for how to use a program called Applytexas. There are literally hundreds of reviews out there and a lot of great information to help you when it comes to applying this program and getting your work ready for submission.In addition to that, you can also find out by checking with your high school counselor or guidance counselor as to whether or not you ha ve access to Applytexas Essay Samples. Even if you don't, a lot of colleges will be pleased to see if you do, because it can really help them decide on whether or not to accept your application. Most universities will also want to know what kind of student you are, so they will even give you a lot of great advice on how to write the essay.However, if you are not able to access Applytexas Essay Samples because of access problems, then your next best bet would be to get some sample essays that other students are using. Go online and check out a bunch of different websites, including EzineArticles.com. You'll be able to get some really great advice on writing college essays, including some creative tips and advice that you may not have heard before.Once you've been given a few samples, take a look at them and check out some examples of how students are using Applytexas Essay Samples. Then, you should be able to see exactly what you are looking for in a good program.When it comes to wri ting your own essay, being able to utilize Applytexas Essay Samples can really help you. All of the tips that they offer you, along with the huge help that they offer other students with different kinds of essays, are going to be a great asset to your own personal success.As you can see, there are really a lot of ways to get started with using Applytexas Essay Samples, and with just a little bit of creativity, you can find the perfect program for your needs. So what are you waiting for?

Outline Of Clinton Policy On Health Care - 1098 Words

Summary of Clinton Policy Health Care is a topic which most Americans certainly have much concern over. Hillary Clinton herself has said that healthcare is the most important cause of her life (Clinton). This is reflected in her past and in commitment to healthcare policy should be the next president of the United States. She has spent her career working towards the expansion of Healthcare so that all families will have access to affordable and fair health insurance. One major part of her health care policy is that she seeks to improve rather than remove the Affordable Care Act (Clinton). The ACA has given many people the chance to have insurance, especially those who would have never had a chance due to preexisting conditions. It has also allowed parents to keep their children on their insurance up to age 26. Clinton recognizes the importance of the ACA, but she also sees rising costs that make it very difficult for many Americans to afford insurance. To combat rising costs, Clinton wants to increase tax credits and get insurance companies to seek enrollment more intensely which would lower costs in regards to the ACA (Clinton). Another big part of Hillary Clinton’s healthcare policy is making sure that all Americans have better affordability. Clinton recognizes that prescription costs, deductibles, and copays are all massively increasing (Clinton). One of her first acts would be to relieve heavy health cost burdens by offering a refundable tax credit of five thousandShow MoreRelatedThe 42Nd President Of The United States, William (Bill)1084 Words   |  5 PagesJefferson Clinton, had many great ideas. He was President between 1993 and 2001. Shortly after winning the election in 1992, he came up with the Health Security Act. It was meant to cover a wide variety of healthcare issues including giving benefits to all American citizens. It was so in depth that it would have affected every aspect of healthcare. Why did it fail? Throughout this paper you will learn of the features, demanders, suppliers, and the public policy environment within the Health SecurityRead MoreThe Presidential Election Of 2016 E ssay1314 Words   |  6 PagesStates be choosing their 45th president, but will also be choosing their future to a better â€Å"American life.† Both candidates, Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton, are openly critical about their opponent’s actions and qualifications as presidency. Although the polls are tight between both candidates, I believe that the Democratic candidate, Hillary Clinton, will win the presidency because not only does she have experience as a former secretary of state and U.S senator, but she was the first lady, she isRead MoreTaking a Look at Government Shutdowns1427 Words   |  6 Pagesstand-off over Obamacare. According to Obama, â€Å"Republicans in the House of Representatives refused to fund the government unless we defunded or dismantled the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare). They’ve shut down the government over an ideological crusade to deny affordable health insurance to millions of Americans.  ²Ã¢â‚¬  Senate Democrats refused to consider any changes to Obamacare as part of the budget bill. After a sixteen day battle, the HouseRead More EVALUATING NORTH AMERICAN HEALTH SYSTEMS Essay1619 Words   |  7 Pagestension more apparent than in the group of complex markets we call the health care system. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Canadians have been fortunate enough to receive a universal health care system for nearly forty years. This is a single-payer system funded by the governments, both provincial and federal, but at what costs? Is health care not unlike any other commodity, or is it the privilege of every citizen? Health care has elements of common economic behavior, however, there are also certainRead More The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)882 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability Act The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, most commonly known by its initials HIPAA, was enacted by Congress then signed by President Bill Clinton on August 21, 1996. This act was put into place in order to regulate the privacy of patient health information, and as an effort to lower the cost of health care, shape the many pieces of our complicated healthcare system. This act also protects individuals from losing their healthRead MoreHillary Clinton : The Best Person For The Job1818 Words   |  8 PagesIn this presidential election, the argument for Hillary Clinton is simple. I feel that stakes are simply too high to consider voting for an alternative candidate, but I understand that many people feel differently or hold the belief that the stakes are simply too high to vote for her. Many voters were disappointed in the results of the democratic primary. In this presidential election, many now feel that they must choose between the lesser of two evils, and this has caused many to vote for a thirdRead MoreMy First Experience With Politics Essay2323 Words   |  10 Pagespolitical campaigns, to which I hope will be evident in the next section. Being an informed voter, I would like to talk about the issues facing our nation as well as offer a comparison of the current candidates for President, Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. I will also outline the issues facing the United States which I find important and give a brief comparison between the candidates and who I agree with. My opinion of the political issues facing the United States as proposed by the candidates PoliceRead MoreAnalysis Of Donald Trump s Presidential Debate1430 Words   |  6 Pagesunapologetic sexism and positions that shift according to his audience and his whims. Now here stands Mr. Trump, feisty from his runaway Republican primary victories and ready for the first presidential debate, scheduled for Monday night, with Hillary Clinton. It is time for others who are still undecided, and perhaps hoping for some dramatic change in our politics and governance, to take a hard look and see Mr. Trump for who he is. They have an obligation to scrutinize his supposed virtues as a refreshingRead MoreCase Study : Delta Coast Hospital Essay4951 Words   |  20 PagesDelta Coast Health The overall FY 2017 Goals for DCH are to maintain current profitability, improve access, and quality in order to thrive and prosper regardless of the November election outcomes. Goal 1: Profitability Increase patient collections by optimizing patient billing and patient payment processes. Explore care delivery in outpatient settings, and reduce the length of patient stays. Strategically design new service lines with respect to the aging population. Evolve into a health system throughRead MoreBill Clintons Influence on Tony Blair2271 Words   |  10 Pagesdifferent issues like Iraq, Iran and Afghanistan. Blair, in regards to Iraq was â€Å"Like his American counterpart, Bill Clinton, Blair favored innovative solutions over rigorous ideology, and he counted among his successes a revived economy, a reasonably sturdy peace in Northern Ireland, and a successful military campaign against Slobodan Milosevic in Kosovo.†1 The words of Clinton are explanatory when he wrote about Blair, â€Å"Tony listened to my advice graciously but ignored it completely by immediately

Organizational Change Corporate Sustainability †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Change for Corporate Sustainability. Answer: Introduction: Organizational change refers to the modification and review of the business processes and the entire management structure. It deals with the changes in the organizational structure, technologies, operational methods, strategies as well as whole structure. These changes occur because of the internal as well as external pressure. The various drivers of a companys change includes new technologies, economic conditions, competitive environment, government policy actions and consumer demand. The various information technologies change the operation and interaction of the business entity (Alvesson Sveningsson, 2015). Sometimes, government regulations also force the business entity to adapt or change the preferences of the consumers. In such cases, recession leads to lay off and this may require restructuring, acquisition and mergers which leads to organizational change. In certain cases, change becomes difficult to identify because it involves modifying the behavior of the people. The resi stance comes from the employees who are skeptical of the various change initiatives if they have passed the various stages of implementation. Organizational change requires changes in the mission and strategy, processes, policies and agreement and organizational structure Moreover, successful organization requires change in the top management leadership and also a clear explanation of how these changes will help the employees to perform the job more effectively (Alvesson Sveningsson, 2015). Modern organizations must adopt to the volatile external and internal business environment so that they can become competitive and thus can expand in the market place. One major reason that helps in necessitating the change in the contemporary organization is the evolution of new technology. The new products, methods and operations will require the organizations to implement and adapt the new technologies. Moreover, the employees must also constantly update with the knowledge so that they can incorporate new changes in the organization ((Benn, Dunphy Griffiths, 2014). In contemporary structure, the employees reduces the centralized control and they are responsible for their own decision in the organization. In contemporary organization, there is empowerment of the employees in the organization and this is possible through the introduction of horizontal elements in the organizational structure. The employees in the contemporary organization report to the manager for various kinds of disciplinary issues for the product related matters. There is displaced decision in the working level which ensures that the employees must be familiar with the corresponding decisions. These decisions are set according to the requirements of the clients and they allow the company. The contemporary structure in the organization is also much more flexible and thus it is more efficient than traditional structure (Benn, Dunphy Griffiths, 2014). Reasons stating the failure or under-achievement of change program in organization on the intended goals with examples There are various reasons for the failure or under-achievement of change program in the organization. The organizations have problem in delivering tough messages to the employees. Moreover, there might be inconsistencies in the message that are to be delivered to the team members. Sometimes, the senior people might lead the organization and set directions. The person at the lower level in the organization tries to determine the change in delivering the program (Hornstein, 2015). Sometimes, lack of space and support also leads to failure in the organization. The chances of success are reduced if the employees are not provided adequate support by the management. The primary reason for the failure of various organization is the inadequate management or the lack of leadership support in the implementation of the process improvement. For example, in an organization the coach needs the backup of the team members or the team captain. The crucial support of the management is important for th e success of the process change in the organization. Poor communication from the management team , shortage of allocated resources and lack of commitment are also important reasons for the failure of change program (Hornstein, 2015). Lack of continuous improvement is an important reason for the failure of change program in an organization. For example, after the successful launch of the process, the management must provide support and they must monitor the performance of the employees. There might be some requirement of urgent changes in the organization. For example, the efficiency of the employees and the operation of a new software can be stressful for the managers and the employees. As it is a continuous learning process, this can have effect on the managers It is important to provide effective training to the employees through the use of software. There are also various other ways for effective monitoring of the performance of the employees ((Sideridis Stamovlasis, 2014). This will also ensure the ability to focus on the correct changes which are needed for further improvement. In certain cases, the adhoc approach to planning and management are also an important reason for the failure of change processes in the organizations. For example, it has been found that in certain cases the businesses that have achieved the change objectives uses a rigorous process for the identification of the goals and segmenting the program into various components. Thus, it can be said that the failed organizational initiatives are making the process more difficult to complete (Sideridis Stamovlasis, 2014). References Alvesson, M., Sveningsson, S. (2015).Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Benn, S., Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A. (2014).Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Hornstein, H. A. (2015). The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), 291-298. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2014.08.005. Sideridis, G. D., Stamovlasis, D. (2014). The role of goal orientations in explaining academic cheating in students with learning disabilities: An application of the cusp catastrophe.Ethics Behavior,24(6), 444-466. DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2013.877393

Motivational Program and Alcoholics Anonymous

Introduction Alcoholism is one of the issues that have affected mankind for a long time. Millions of dollars have been spent on alcohol and alcohol related issues. Thousands of families have been adversely affected, not to mention the talents that have been lost or not fully exploited due to taking of too much alcohol.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Motivational Program and Alcoholics Anonymous specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More We are not in a position to measure all the impacts that indulgence in alcohol has on mankind. The society understands the weight this issue has and different approaches have been taken aiming at helping the people who are struggling to stop taking alcohol. Scientists, theoreticians, philosophers, doctors and counsellors have all come up with suggestions meant to help people struggling to stop taking alcohol. Many theories have been developed in an attempt to find strategies which can help alcohol users to quite taking alcohol. Motivational theories are widely used to explain how motivation can be used to address the alcoholism issue. Motivational theories have been developed by different psychologists over time and most of the alcohol recovery programs indeed use at least one or a combination of motivational theories to help victims recover from alcoholism. Alcoholic Anonymous is one of the widely renowned alcoholism recovery programs operating in almost 200 countries and helping millions of alcohol addicts recover from alcoholism. This paper discusses Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) motivational program, motivational theories and then analyses how successful or not the AA program has been basing on the motivational theories. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) The history of AA can be traced from a group called the Oxford Group which was a Christian organisation. Its purpose was to help men struggling to quite taking alcohol possible. It is believed that their concept of dealing with alcoholism was more of a spiritual approach as they believed that surrendering to God would help solve the sinful nature of alcoholism. AA is said to have been formed in 1939 by Bill Wilson who borrowed most of the ideas from the Oxford Group and broadened the concept to include psychological and physical treatment as well. Since then the membership has increased and the program has increased its boundaries from America and Canada, where it was originally based to different parts of the world (Kurtz, 1979). How AA works AA motivational program works on a voluntary basis whereby whoever is willing to quite taking alcohol join the group. In order to encourage alcoholic victims to join the program and at the same time protect them from public ridicule the program calls for anonymity of the members hence the name alcoholics anonymous. The program not only helps alcoholics but also people struggling from other forms of addiction as well.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is worth noting that the program is self-sustaining with no any external financial help, but works from voluntary contributions from its members and literature sales. There are no employed workers but rather the counselling is carried out by the previously recovered individuals through the mentorship program which is also voluntary. AA believes that the only qualification for membership is the decision and will to quit taking alcohol (Kurtz, 1979). There are meeting centres distributed over 200 countries and a willing member is expected to join in any of the AA group meetings close to them. Once in the group, one is expected to confess and share personal experiences as an alcoholic with other members within the group and this would thus mark the beginning of the healing process (Kurtz, 1979). Sponsorship can be seen as a mentorship program whereby members who have undergone mu ch of the recovery program have the responsibility of mentoring and helping new entrants into the 12 principles of AA treatment program. This works both ways, the new members are able to learn from the already experienced members and on the other hand the sponsors are able to improve on their recovery process by helping the new individuals. The basic principle of AA motivational program is that the victims of alcohol addiction must admit that there is a higher power, that is, God for those that believe in him or just any higher power for those that may not believe in God. By submitting oneself to this higher power instead of working on self-reliance, the high power will somehow give them assistance as they try to recover from their addiction (AA, 2008). It is worth noting that AA takes the approach of self-involvement whereby there are no organisational structures, no managers neither CEO’s. There are no documentations or regulatory official requirements but rather the organi sation is only accountable to its members. One unique characteristic of AA is the fact that individuals are not assessed by qualified experts but rather every individual does personal diagnosis and checks the progress from the 12 stepwise procedures (Dick, 1998). The course of treatment at AA is based on giving in to external greater power rather than relying on personal will and strength. In contrast to the mostly used approach of working towards improving on self-esteem, AA takes a different approach of exercising humility and submission to a greater power.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Motivational Program and Alcoholics Anonymous specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to AA, if the alcoholic just follows the simple plan that is suggested then he/she would have more chances of recovering (Galanter and Kaskutas, 2008, p. 10). In addition they believe that there is no free will in alcoholics sinc e the alcoholic has already lost personal control to alcohol. AA, according to Galanter and Kaskutas (2008), defines alcoholism as: Spiritual, mental, and physical illness and recovery requires healing all aspects of the illness; abstinence from alcohol in and of itself is regarded as â€Å"being dry† and is insufficient because alcoholism is but a â€Å"symptom† of underlying character defects. (Galanter and Kaskutas, 2008, p. 10) The success or failure of AA recovery program can arguably be attributed to the strength of an individual to undergo total change in the way of thinking. The expectation of change of thought to surrender to an external powerful authority is expected to help the person quite taking alcohol. Simple suggestions are made to new individuals especially those who want to take drastic changes at a go. AA believes that the simple and few steps will help someone to stabilise before making tougher decisions later. It is claimed that one of the strength s of AA is its cognitive approach to dealing with alcoholism. â€Å"AA meetings provide an atmosphere in which cognitive restructuring can take place† (Galanter and Kaskutas, 2008, p. 10). In addition the AA’s12 steps, attendance to meetings and being a mentor or sponsor all works positively towards mental restructuring. Self-diagnosis is one of the most important elements of the program as individuals can develop their own alcoholic individuality which, according to psychologists, creates self-recovery on one’s inner self. Motivational theories Motivational theories are thoughts and assumptions that attempt to explain the nature of a human being in terms of what prompts or triggers actions towards a certain direction. Huitt (2001) defined motivation as â€Å"internal state or condition that activates behavior and gives it direction, or desire or want that energizes and directs goal-oriented behavior, or influence of needs and desires on the intensity and direc tion of behavior† (Huitt, 2001, p. 1). The AA program uses the ideology of motivation to help alcoholic victims recover from their alcoholic behavior.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Biological motivation Biological motivation is based on the fact that human actions may be driven in such a way to satisfy an internal biological need such as need to satisfy hunger or thirst. It is believed that there are internal subconscious drives that make a human being behave in a certain way (Bernstein Nash, 2006). Drive reduction theory explains how human actions are biologically motivated in order to reduce the causative agent inside the human nature. This theory is based on the fact that inside any organism are physiological or biological needs and requirement such as hunger, thirst, sexual desire, among others which, unless met, will trigger and maintain an unstable state of body which is believed to increase with time if the need is not satisfied in time (Bernstein Nash, 2006). The process can be viewed as a feedback mechanism (Deci and Ryan, 2008). When the physiological need is satisfied the organism will go back to the normal or stable state. When the physiological need is met either directly or indirectly then, there is a reduction of the drive. Arousal theory explains that it is in human nature to sustain a definite degree of arousal that makes us feel stable and comfortable. It can mean emotional, rational or even physical activity (Shah Gardner, 2008). The AA program certainly uses biological motivation though in a simplistic approach. The program appreciates the fact that total abstinence at once may never give any desirable results. This is because a sudden stop of use of alcohol especially for addicts will definitely trigger one of the strongest biological needs to quench the alcoholic thirst. The biological motivation principle of maintaining the physiological homeostasis will be triggered by sudden cut off of alcohol. What the program advocates is continual gradual reduction in the amount of alcohol taken which will eventually reduce to manageable level where total cut off can be done. In addition the AA principle of relinquishing on eself to a higher power to take over the alcoholic problem can arguably be seen as a diversion of the alcoholic biological motivation to an external agent and in that way, the biological drive and arousal are somewhat compressed. This is likely to enable the alcoholics recover quickly. Cognitive/social motivational theory This theory explains how behavior patterns of individuals are influenced by, among other factors, physical environmental, people and situations. This theory connects between the individual, environment and the behavior. The environment can be seen as a combination of all the external factors that are likely to influence a person’s behavior (Deci and Ryan, 2008). The person’s perception about the different aspects of the environment is believed to influence the person’s behavior. The behavior can also be influenced by a person’s perception of other people’s behaviors through either watching them or even when interacting with them. Tolman Purposeful behavior theory Tolman was one of the social cognitive theorists. Through his numerous experiments with rats and mazes he came up with the theory of purposeful behavior. According to Daltonâ€Å" Tolman proposed that learning could occur without reinforcement and without an observable change in behavior. In addition, Tolman found that behavior is affected by an organism’s expectations, often resulting goal-oriented, purposeful behavior† (Dalton 1). This is arguably one of the most applicable motivational theories in the AA program. The success or failure of any given case in the AA program depends, to a large extent on the expectation of the individual. If the individual has a predetermined mind about recovery his behavior in the AA program will certainly lead him to recovery. Asch attribution and conformity theory Solomon Asch presented his theories conformity and attribution. According his attribution theory, individuals attribute actions in life to an agent either external or internal. Alcoholics may attribute their drinking habit to lack of self control. AA program counter attacks the different attributions by offering a supernatural, powerful being in which the drunkards can attribute their weaknesses and hence relinquish their inner self to the power. In addition his conformity theory which revolves about voluntary yielding to situations despite personal preferences also applies. Being in the presence of a group of similar individuals in the AA meetings creates a favorable condition for conformity to the behavior of the group. This does help in motivating the alcoholics towards recovery. The physical environment such as the condition of a house or a class may play a significant part in motivating someone. The physical environment may also be a source of materials, opportunities or even societal support; this is one of the motivation strategies employed by the AA program. The fact that members meet in places far away from p ublic ridicule and in the presence of other like members makes the environment conducive for the recovery program (Bernstein Nash, 2006). A given situation may either motivate or discourage someone to behave in a certain way. In addition how an individual perceives a given situation may have an effect on the course of action to be taken depending on whether the situation was perceived as encouraging or discouraging. AA uses this technique to make the newcomers feel comfortable in the knowledge that they are in the presence of people who have gone through a similar situation and this is actually a motivation for new members to continue with the recovery program (Bernstein Nash, 2006). Expectancies which can be viewed as valuable or the importance an individual places on the expected results or rewards may have a great impact on the level of motivation for that person. People who place a higher value on the outcome are more likely to be more motivated than those who do not value the outcome as much. In AA the 12 principles places a lot of importance to the kind of life one is likely to enjoy after recovery from alcoholism. The new members actually get a chance of interacting with the already recovered members and this is a motivation enough to make them stick to the program however difficult it may seem to be. Self-control plays a very important role in motivation. People who have the internal strength of self-control may exhibit a result oriented behavior and as such they are likely to be more motivated if they are presented with conditions or situations that will demand determination or control in order to achieve the desired results. The AA program calls for determination to accept one’s alcoholic condition and surrendering to a higher authority which has the power to heal the spiritual and psychological sickness. They advocate for stepwise self-control whereby one is not required to automatically quit drinking but rather practice self-control for sh ort durations which can then be extended to achieve the desired results. This is likely to motivate self-controlled individuals (Dick, 1998). There are individuals who learn from others and are more likely to be motivated not because of what they are doing or capable of doing but by simply admiring what other people around them are doing. Individuals who are addicted to alcoholism can be motivated by being exposed to individuals who have already quite taking alcohol. AA program offers the best opportunity for the individuals struggling with alcoholism to interact with the recovering or the already recovered individuals, otherwise known as sponsorship. Through sponsorship individuals are able to associate and take after their sponsors. This can be the best method of motivation for some of the members (Dick, 1998). Self-efficacy is also believed to influence the level of motivation in a person. Some people are more motivated in the belief and knowledge that they have what it takes to complete the given task. By understanding how different people are in terms of how they are motivated, then it becomes easier to help them achieve their goals and objectives. This is best applicable in the AA program whereby alcoholics are made to believe that the desired outcome can only come from their personal will to give up themselves to a greater power for healing (Dick, 1998). Eclectic theory Eclectic theorists try to explain motivation and behaviour of people by taking on pieces of what they believe to be the best from other theories. They claim that the human nature is so complex and as such not one approach may suffice to explain the relationship between motivation and human behaviour. The 12 principle AA motivational program employs all the methods as a mixture in order to achieve the desired results. Strengths of AA program Galanter and Kaskutas (2008) claimed that â€Å"AA program is complex, implicitly grounded in sound psychological principles, and more sophisticated than is typically understood† (Galanter Kaskutas, 2008, p. 10). Although much criticism has been thrown over the program, it can be claimed that such criticism may be due to the misunderstanding of the whole idea behind the program. In addition, the fact that the program works under anonymity makes it difficult and tricky to research, analyse and document success or failure of the program. We can arguably say that the program has achieved success as compared to other programs offering the same type of service. From basic knowledge the program started in 1935 and has only grown, gaining membership every year. Then we can claim that if there was no any considerable success then the program would have died long time ago. It is also claimed that â€Å"an increasing number of DUIs are court ordered to AA† (Galanter and Kaskutas, 2008, p. 13) arguably for a simple reason, the judicial systems have confidence in the AA program. Success can also be based on the methodology of the program. The program employs a self-healing process where the victim plays the major role in initialising and maintaining the recovery process with the help of other members of the group (Deci Ryan, 2008). The fact that the program allows for personal participation, motivational environment and a chance to put into practice what one has learned by sharing with others and mentorship program suffices that a degree of success is likely to be achieved (AA, 2008). The fact that the AA program seeks to change the way of thinking of the alcoholics and not merely helping them stop the drinking habit implies that the impact of the program will be astounding. AA defines alcoholism as â€Å"spiritual, mental, and physical illness and healing require healing all aspects of the illness† (Galanter Kaskutas, 2008, p. 14). This posits that either 100% success may be achieved when an individual has fully recovered from alcoholism and thus in a better position mentally, spiritually and physically or at least some degree of success when one is not able to recover in all aspects (AA, 2002). Another point worth noting is that AA provides a program that is fit and comfortable for everyone, both spiritual and non-spiritual. Each person can customise the recovery program according to personal preferences â€Å"the house that AA helps a man build for himself is different for each occupant because each occupant is his own architect† (Galanter Kaskutas, 2008, p. 18). Atheists, believers, radicals as well as conformists can fit in the program and that is arguably the greatest achievement of the AA program. Other recovery programs such as religious sponsored institution are not compatible to such a wide variety of individuals. A statistical approach to the question of the success of the program indicates that the program has met and even exceeded expectations. A report carried out to determine success rate claimed that: A total of 68% of the women in the survey repor ted that they had stopped drinking within a year of their first meeting as compared with only 63% of the men. At the same time, 74% of those under thirty reported they had stopped drinking within a year of attending their first AA meeting, compared with 63% of those over thirty. (AA, 2008, p. 6) One of the strengths of AA is in the structure. AA works as a community though anonymous. A community of people with a common challenge in life and this is perhaps one of the greatest advantages members have, to work and share with people who have or are already undergoing what one is going through. When a new person hears the testimonies of other members who have experienced to be AA community then they get encouraged that all is not lost for them (Medvene, 1989). Another advantage of the AA program lies in the fact that individuals who have the will to stick around for some time get a chance to accelerate their recovery through mentoring the young members in the group. This can be seen as a helper therapy which is believed to help mentors affirm the need to quit alcoholism. A research done to confirm whether indeed this was true found out that â€Å"those helping other alcoholics were less likely to relapse (60%) than those who did not help their peers (78%)† (Galanter Kaskutas, 2008, p. 24). The element of reciprocity in AA gives it an upper hand over other programs. Since the program works on the principle of self-help with the help of others and that there is no any monetary payments to be made, then the only way members can give back is by doing good to themselves by quitting alcoholism. It is claimed that â€Å"many follow moral norms or reciprocity found in society at large and believe that they should give back, if not to their immediate benefactor, to some generalized other in the future† (Galanter Kaskutas, 2008, p. 25). AA weaknesses It can be argued that one of the greatest weaknesses of AA lies in its structure. The fact that there are no any official or managerial structures makes the program vulnerable to abuse and expression of personal interests, for instance it is claimed that, at times â€Å"members of AA groups may dispel disruptive drunk attendees or treat newcomers in such a way that they feel unwelcome† (Galanter Kaskutas, 2008, p. 13). This may not be the case if there was some kind of management that may regulate the response and reaction of other members towards newcomers. The principle of freewill entry to anyone including disruptive drunkards may also be one of the disadvantages. Disruptive drunkards may be more of a discouragement than a motivation to others who may be trying to concentrate on their recovery program (Dick, 1998). The fact that the program is based on a spiritual background may not work for people who do not have any spiritual relation. The success of the program depends on the individual willingness and strength to change the way of thinking. This may be a goal hard to achieve given that the drunkards, in their state of drunkenness, have already given up and may not have the inner drive to change their way of thinking (Medvene, 1989). Conclusion The effect of alcohol on our community is such a great issue that it can simply not be ignored. The community always finds a way of helping those of us struggling with alcoholism and other forms of addiction. Alcoholic people need a lot of motivation in order to encourage and help them out of the alcohol menace. Different kinds of motivational theories such as biological, eclectic, social/cognitive do exist and their applicability in motivating alcoholics to recover is very instrumental. AA is one of the most widely used alcoholic recovery programs and its efficiency in its task mostly lies in the motivations that do exist in different aspects of the program. Though there has been much criticism about the program, it appeals to many and its strengths may far outweigh its weaknesses. References AA. (2002). The Twe lve Steps Of Alcoholics Anonymous. Web. AA. (2008). Alcoholics Anonymous Recovery outcome Rates. Web. Bernstein, D Nash, P. (2006). Essentials of psychology. New York, NY: Cengage Learning. Dalton, S. (n.d.). Synopsis Paper #2. Web. Deci, E Ryan, R. (2008). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York, NY: Springer. Dick, B. (1998). The Oxford Group and Alcoholics Anonymous. New York, NY: Good Book Publishing Company. Galanter, M Kaskutas, L. (2008). Research on alcoholics anonymous and spirituality in addiction recovery: the twelve-step program model. New York, NY: Springer. Kurtz, E. (1979). Not-God: A History of Alcoholics Anonymous. Minnesota: Hazelden Publishing. Medvene, M. (1989). Foilrigami. New York, NY: Astor-Honor Inc. Shah, J Gardner, W. (2008). Handbook of Motivation Science. New York, NY: Guilford Press. This research paper on Motivational Program and Alcoholics Anonymous was written and submitted by user D'Ken Neramani to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.