On-Site & Ready-Mix Plaster Comparison Essay Example for Free

On-Site Ready-Mix Plaster Comparison Essay Ready-Mix Spray Plasters – Comparisons FAQ Ready-Mix Spray Plasters are a rapid, cost-effective alternative to traditional (manually mixed manually applied) plaster for finishing external internals walls and ceilings. They are formulated for machine application on fast-track quality building projects. They are supplied as â€Å"dry pre-mixed† to the correct consistency for spray application by Plaster Machines. Ready-Mix Spray plastering has been used in Europe, UK, Far-East for many years and is quickly becoming a widespread alternative to traditional plastering due to both it’s economic benefits and rapid speed of application. What are the Major Differences between: Cement-based: They are used mainly for outdoors, generally for rendering. Cement based plasters can be used indoors for areas that are susceptible to damp and areas that require a greater thickness of cover. What Finishes are available in Ready-Mix Spray Plaster? Normally Ready-Mix Plasters are available in three finishes: Standard smooth Finish – After spray plastering Base Finish costs, the plaster is then manually smoothed over with large spatulas or butterfly trowels to give a smooth hard wearing finish Fine Textured – After spray plastering Base Finish costs, the spray may be left to give a â€Å"textured† finish. Course Textured – After spray plastering Base Finish costs, the spray may be troweled to give a â€Å"textured† finish. For the texture finishes a hard wearing, water resistant material is used which does not need final decoration; ideal for high traffic areas such as stairwells and corridors. What are the Ready-Mix Spray Plaster range? Normally 2 product ranges: Base Plaster: Filler and levelling compound for use over thin joint brick / block systems, uneven in-situ concrete and on refurbishment projects to fill cracks, holes and undulations to prepare surface for final decoration. Normally applied upto 5-10 mm (max. 20 mm) thick in one application. 1 to 2 coats are recommended with 12-24 hrs drying between applications. This is applied using Uelzener Ready-Mix Plaster Machines. Finish Plaster: Normally applied upto 1-2 mm thick as a single top coat on â€Å"Base Plaster† or as a 2 coat finish directly onto smooth backgrounds including pre-cast panels, Aircrete panels, composite boards, and/or refurbishment over previously decorated surfaces. This is applied using Uelzener Ready-Mix Plaster Machines. What is the Coverage of Ready-Mix Spray Plaster? Base Plaster: Normally 1.5–2.0 Kg per m2 at 1 mm thickness Finish Plaster: Normally 1.35-1.5 Kg per m2 Where can Ready-Mix Spray Plaster be used? Ready mix plaster can be applied to almost any substrate including brick work, block work, concrete panels, dry lining, plaster boards, ceramic tiling, artex, wood, glass, steel, old / damaged plaster, and even painted wall coverings (e.g. woodchip). Why should you use Ready-Mix Spray rather than â€Å"traditional on-site† plastering? What are the benefits of â€Å"Ready-Mix Spray Plaster† using UELZENER German Spray Plastering Machines? Quality†¦ * The plaster is supplied â€Å"pre-mixed to the correct consistency† for spray application. * Flexible products: Less likely to crack than plaster skim coats. Final surface is less prone to cracking than traditional plaster. It accommodates normal thermal movement without flaking or chipping. * Non-reactive with all substrates including lime plasters and sand and cement renders. * Offers moisture resistance so suitable for kitchens, bathrooms and changing areas. * Hard Wearing: The material can be specified to be high density and water resistant so is ideal for use in high wear areas such as school and hospital corridors and stair wells. * Specifications: Confirming to DIN, EN, British Standards for Fire Integrity, Acoustic Thermal performance Mechanical strength. * It absorbs and subsequently releases moisture (5-10% of its own weight in water) greatly reducing the incidence of condensation and mould growth. * Insulation properties. Easy†¦ * Can be applied by the same teams applying paint finishes Speed Cost * The use of ready mix plastering over traditional plastering techniques offers significant savings during the project by significantly reducing construction time by optimizing internal fit-out. It’s fast! A two man team can cover between 200 and 500 m2 per day (typically 2-4 times faster than traditional plastering techniques) depending on the substrate. Upto 1,000 m2 per week can be finished by a three man gang. * Surfaces can be emulsion painted 24-48 hrs after final coat (saving project time and cost). * White surface finish reducing paint coats required (saving project time and cost). * Material can be tinted the same colour as the decoration reducing maintenance requirements over a long period (saving project time and cost). * Ease of Access: Heights of upto 3.0-3.5 meters can be plastered without the need for scaffolding or platforms, although brick/block work surface preparation may require scaffolding (Health and Safety).

The Old Man And The Sea Compared To Shipwrecked Sailor :: essays research papers

The Old Man and the Sea compared to â€Å"Shipwrecked Sailor† In the stories, The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemmingway and â€Å"Shipwrecked Sailor† by Gabriel Garcia Marques, there are so many similarities, like their losses and their love for the creatures of the sea, that it its eerie. Although, there are many similarities, there are also some differences, such as the main characters’ love for the creatures of the sea. There are more similarities in these stories than differences, in my opinion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A difference between Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea and the sailor in â€Å"Shipwrecked Sailor† is their knowledge of the sea. Santiago is expressed well as a fecund and resourceful old fisherman of the sea. This is prodigiously expressed when Santiago, †Hooked a patch of yellow Gulf weed with the gaff as they passed and shook it so that the small shrimps that were in it fell onto the planking of the skiff† (Hemmingway p.98). This is the act of a very intellectual and experienced fisherman. Unlike Santiago, the sailor in â€Å"Shipwrecked Sailor† is rather ignorant. Although, this is excused because the man hadn’t the experience at sea that Santiago had. His imbecility is shown when he, â€Å"Lay down at the side of the raft and took a few swallows of seawater† (Marques p.45). This was a rather fatuous action, because the salt dries the body and retains water. That action proves that he is not sea-worthy. So, Santiago i s the more experienced seaman of the two.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A similarity between The Old Man and the Sea and â€Å"Shipwrecked Sailor† was their losses. In the â€Å"Shipwrecked Sailor†, â€Å"The sharks had made off with my prey† (Marques p.44). This event marked the loss of the man’s food supply. It wasn’t a very crucial part of the story, because the man had earlier devoured some raw meat, which had satiated him. In The Old Man and the Sea, â€Å"He did not want to look at the fish. He knew half of him had been destroyed† (Hemmingway p.144). This was a very similar method of loss, which the shipwrecked sailor had faced. This was a tragic loss and abasement to both Santiago and his pride. He was tenacious and worked so hard to obtain the fish, only to have it taken away by sharks. The old man lost the fish, even though he fought valiantly to fend off the attacking sharks.

Technology and Crime

Criminal Law Research Paper Whenever a new technology is found, like a double-edged sword, it often brings both more convenient life and possibility of danger in which potential exploitation of gap that might occur in its initial developing stage. For the past 20 years, computer related technologies and industry have been continuously advancing at radical speeds that greatly changed our way of life. The introduction of internet and digitalization of data has saved us enormous time and work required otherwise would have been wasted. On the other hand, however, it aided whole new types of property offences that are distinct from traditional ones to arise which posses’ difficulties in dealing with them by traditional way of approaching property offences. The main difficulties are, first, ‘Offences that were traditionally committed as interpersonal offences can now be committed at extreme distances and without the personal involvement of any victim. Second, the object of such offences may not amount to larcenable property or, indeed, property at all. [1] Examples of these crimes include, electronic funds transfer crime, electronic money laundering, [2]counterfeiting, and software piracy. [3] Contrary to traditional property offences, computers coupled with telecommunications technology enables offenders not to leave any traces of usual biological evidence in interpersonal offences such as finger prints or hair that could lead to the offender through forensic tests. Even if the police traced back the co mputer that the fund transfer crime was originated, the actual offender would be uncertain if it’s located in internet cafe which is used by numerous customers. This anonymity is considered the major attraction for offenders with advanced computer skills to commit such crimes. This paper will discuss the effectiveness of the current law in protecting the people from the new treats and possible policies or methods that could be implemented by authorities to combat this matter. ::The Current Doctrine and issues:: It is obvious to find that property rights have been the most important feature in our society since the beginning of the civilisation as the oldest written law, the Code of Hammurabi[4] which dates back to 1750 BC, contains codes that protected individual property. Protection of ownership encourages people to work at their full potential in return for increase in their wealth and power that gives satisfaction and security. If such protection was absent, stealing and damaging personal possessions to satisfy the needs and wants would have been occasional and we might not have been able to achieve the standard of living and the social security we enjoy now. Under the current common law system, properties are protected by both case law and statutes. Obviously regarding the history of development, there are countless case laws relating to property matter. Statutes are also implemented in order to provide protection of the rights for aiding the courts if the kind of the offence is the new one and there are no relevant authorities available for judges to rely on. Those protections have been building onto one and another from strong foundations and nowadays physical property protection by the law seems quite drastic. However the dawn of the digital age introduced a whole new range of offences that cannot be categorised by traditional methods. ::Absence of Specific victim or damage:: What would be the damage to the bank if their internet banking facility has been used for electronic money laundering? There is no person harmed or any physical property damage done to the bank. When a personal computer which happens to belong to a CEO is hacked and confidential information about a report that is not intended for releasing to the public that predicts a shape rise in share prices caused by exceptional performance is retrieved by the hacker and he/she and his/her friends make millions of dollars based on that information, is it possible to measure the damage? Or does it even exist? As exampled, some new types of illegal acts do not create specific victim or damage or the both. In order to regulate these treats, the definition of property has been extended to ones that take forms of electronic data and even to intellectual ones. By recognising such properties it is now possible to identify the damage incurred and the victim which enables us to enforce the traditional doctrine of property offences approach. To reward the victims for the damages they suffered under the civil law and to prosecute the offender and enforce penalties under the criminal law. :Types of new offences:: Hacking and intrusion into a computer system is the most common form of computer based crime, hackers usually commit this offence in order to gain confidential information or to inspect the level of security measures in place for preparation of other offence[5]. Rarely, some hackers attempt to break into a system that’s guarded by strong security system and dam age the system itself just to demonstrate the ability of him or her self. This kind of act is also known as electronic vandalism[6]. The next most common offence is the intellectual property offences such as breaching copy rights by making illegal duplicate of intellectual property, for example, books, movies, music and games. This type of offence is becoming more and more ordinary as the fast broadband internet access’s being available to most of the households enabling such illegally copied materials to be circulated and distributed at fast rate even crossing borders without any obstruction. Electronic funds transfer crime and electronic money laundering are also major crimes that are becoming increasingly difficult to regulate with traditional counter measures. :Traditional Countermeasures:: Most common methods often chosen by the government is to take legislative and administrative action to deal with the problem before it gets out of hand. Russell emphasises in his journal ‘This method to criminalise has, however, a number of dangers. First, is the difficulty, noted by Dunning (1982, pp. 293-4), of over-codifying behaviour: one does not want to enact a new provision every time a new permutation of criminal behaviour arises. Ideally, the elasticity of a common law system will supply the omissions of the legislature but there are limits to which our judiciary will, and indeed can, go. ’[7], that there are limits in legislative and administrative approach that the society can take as legitimate. There is also the fundamental problem of difficulty when trying to battle the new offences with the traditional approach in quantifying the offences[8] since the nature and characteristics of the offences often leave no trace at all and also authorities might not disclose the information because of embarrassment or commercial inconvenience. Deceptive quantifying which makes the policy makers to take distorted view of the seriousness of the issue is also the problem. For example, ‘a pursuit of a US$0. 75 accounting error in a computer account led to the unravelling of an international espionage ring. ’[9] Event like this confuses the decision makers in deciding the level or degree of regulation should be imposed. Originality of the crime also creates great challenge to the authorities, globalization of networks and widespread of the internet permits offenders to stay in their own country and commit crime in the systems of foreign country. This poses exorbitant difficulties in determining the place of the occurrence of the crime in order to decide which prosecution authority should be handing the matter and where to collect and present evidence to. ::Possible Alternative methods of Prevention:: There are several proposed ways for the government to deal with the problem. Restricting the availability of new technologies themselves, or restricting certain people from possessing and using new technologies and so on†¦ Probably the most fundamental solution of all, considering the possibility of misuse of the technology, the researchers and developers in the initial stage of the process should apply crime prevention measures that prevents misuse of such vulnerable technologies and if the cost is too high to carry out the modification the government should always consider to subsidise the process because the cost of exploitation of the weakness of the technology might be even greater. But there is also possibility that those precautions implemented could be compromised and the additional development costs vaporised. The break of the DVD movie title encryption and area code protection by hackers and crackers which introduced Dvix is the good example of it. The next best cost effective way is commercial solution[10]. Various needs to protect one’s electronic assets from possible attackers would generate considerable market demand for electronic and informational security. Companies with expertise of those matters would grow and it would provide professional advices, helps and protection with reasonable fee that would be far more less than it would cost for individual demanders to develop such systems. Also from the demand for assuring the compensation for the damages caused electronically, new insurance policies would emerge and protect the losses incurred. When dealing with technologies that are developed for military or investigative use, it is best for the government to take action that prevents possession and use of those technologies by possible offenders. Such as code breaker program designed for military operations should be restricted for the use of the purposes intended only, to achieve that, it is best to isolate the program in selected systems that are not connected to the internet. However if the technology developed found to be viable for use by the public to improve their standard of life, it should be considered that more benefit would be realised by making it public depending on specific technology. A super fast speed satellite communication intended for space crafts would be viable to use for the faster internet connection than conventional technology. But it might also make it possible for hackers to get into the satellite’s control system and disable it causing extravagant disaster thus making the technologies availability restrictive is important. Those alternatives and traditional methods may stop offenders from commission of crime but it may also encourage imitating one as well. A news report that the government is banning all child pornography sites may attract people’s attention and they might try search that kind of sites since the anonymity of access which increases the demand for viewing such material that results growth of pornography sites. :Conclusion:: Implementing the traditional approaches to deal with new emerging types of crime involving new technologies does seem to work when the new type of crime shows some fundamental similarities with already existing crimes such as causing harm whether electronic or physical or financial. Since such offences are opposed by the society and could easily be crimina lised by legislation or administrative means without difficulty. Nevertheless, quantifying and implementing the right policy or legislation is too difficult because of exterritorial issues and lack of statistics. However, as the technologies used for commission of crime advances, so does the technologies used to investigate, exam, and share information with the public and the rest of the world which aids authorities in combating using traditional approaches. Mechanisms for surveillance and detection, blocking devices, and technologies of restraint and incapacitation could also be adopted to backup the weak points of the traditional approach. Yet, while implementing those mechanisms the authority should consider possibilities of infringe of privacy right. The use of â€Å"high-tech† means of restraint might well lead to fundamental changes in police practice. Easily available technological fixes may tempt reliance to the extent that traditional law enforcement skills become neglected due to their inconvenience and community relations will be overlooked and discarded. There would also be other social impacts of crime prevention technologies. It may include disproportionate use of restraint technologies against disadvantaged groups, such as people who are unable to afford security technologies. And a shift in the burden of crime to those prospective victims may occur. Nonetheless, it would look like a miscalculation if we are to back off from developing and researching new technologies for crime prevention and control simply because they may be used inappropriately. â€Å"The telephones, indeed, the wheel, have criminal applications, technologies in the hands of responsible, accountable professionals can enhance liberty, rather than threaten it,† Dr Grabosky said. Technology and Crime Control insists on that the direction of ultimate benefits of new crime prevention technologies to the public, their development and use should be based on thorough consultation and extensive testing, and those who use them should be appropriately trained and supervised. The authors of the journals conclude that there is not one fit-to-all overall solution to these new kinds of emerging crime due to the varied nature of computer-related criminal conducts. They suggest, however, that technological and market solutions will be just as, if not more, important as law enforcement. With the invisible hands of the market the authorities should be able to find the optimal way of combating the new crimes sided by new technology. Bibliography 1. Brown et al, Criminal Laws, The Federation Press 2. P Grabosky & R Smith, Crime in the Digital Age: Controlling Telecommunications and Cyberspace Illegalities, the Federation Press (1998) 3. Russell Smith, Criminal Exploitation of New Technologies AIC Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice No93 (July 1998) 4. New millennium Doosan English Encyclopaedia No11 Doosan cooperation (2000) 5. Australian Bureau of Statistics 1997, Recorded Crime, Australia 1996, ABS Catalogue No. 4510. 0, AGPS, Canberra (1998), Yearbook Australia, ABS Catalogue No. 1301. 0, AGPS, Canberra. 6. P. N. Grabosky, Russell G. Smith, Paul Wright, Crime and Telecommunications AIC Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice No 59 (August 1996) 7. Russell G. Smith, Stealing Telecommunications Services AIC Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice No 54 (April 1996) 8. Peter Grabosky, Technology & Crime Control, AIC Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice No 78 (January 1998) ———————– 1] Brown et al, Criminal Laws, The Federation Press pg 1058 [2] P Grabosky & R Smith, Crime in the Digital Age: Controlling Telecommunications and Cyberspace Illegalities (1998) The Federation Press chapter 1 [3] Russell Smith, Criminal Exploitation of New Technologies AIC Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice No93 (July 1998) pg 3 [4] Fo und in 1901 by French explorers in the Old Persian Capital of Shush (Susa), contains 282 codes consisting of criminal commercial, individual property laws – New millennium Doosan English Encyclopaedia No11 Doosan cooperation (2000) pg. 54 [5] Australian Bureau of Statistics 1997, Recorded Crime, Australia 1996, ABS Catalogue No. 4510. 0, AGPS, Canberra (1998), Yearbook Australia, ABS Catalogue No. 1301. 0, AGPS, Canberra. [6] P. N. Grabosky, Russell G. Smith, Paul Wright, Crime and Telecommunications AIC Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice No 59 (August 1996) pg 2 to 3 [7] Russell G. Smith, Stealing Telecommunications Services AIC Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice No 54 (April 1996) pg 3 [8] [9] P. N. Grabosky, Russell G. Smith, Paul Wright, Crime and Telecommunications AIC Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice No 59 (August 1996) pg 3 [10] P. N. Grabosky, Russell G. Smith, Paul Wright, Crime and Telecommunications AIC Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice No 59 (August 1996) pg 5

Self Reliance By Ralph Waldo Emerson - 1202 Words

â€Å"Self-Reliance†: Chapter 7 Self-Reliance was an essay written by an American transcendentalist Ralph Waldo Emerson. Throughout his life, Emerson kept detailed journals of his thoughts and actions, and he looked back at them as a source for Self-Reliance. The essay mainly talks about the importance of self-reliance, self-reliance and the individual, and self-reliance with society. As a whole it promotes self-reliance as an ideal and contrasts it with various modes of dependence or conformity. Throughout Into the Wild, Chris McCandless shows that he is very independent and does not conform to society. Which is why he leaves his home and travels to be closer to nature. The thoughts and actions of Chris McCandless shows many transcendentalist ideals. For example, when Chris was speaking to Mary Westerberg she got the impression that, â€Å"He was hungry to learn about things† (67). For Self-Reliance, Emerson states, â€Å"No kernel of nourishing corn can come to him b ut through his toil bestowed on that plot of ground which is given to him till†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . These quotes in different ways shed light how both Emerson and McCandless wanted to learn new things. The only way for them to â€Å"absorb† the information was for them to be closer to nature. McCandless was also said to be â€Å"Unlike most of us, he was the sort of person who insisted on living out his beliefs† (67). When reading this quote it can be depicted that McCandless is the type of person where if he puts his mind to something he will see itShow MoreRelatedImportance Of Self Reliance By Ralph Waldo Emerson1081 Words   |  5 PagesBeing Self-Reliant Humanity has always been aware of what the people think about them. Their opinions will be present in their actions. And even though today’s world is a more advanced world when it comes down to technology, there are still many people who get affected by the opinions coming from people who they do not even know. Besides the author, Ralph Waldo Emerson conveys the idea that anyone should not care about his obstacles, just about his own conformity. Emerson’s essay Self-reliance is aRead MoreNotes On Self Reliance By Ralph Waldo Emerson Essay1441 Words   |  6 Pages10/3/2016 Journal Entries (1-5) Analytic Journal #1: Self- Reliance Self-Reliance is a transcendentalist essay by Ralph Waldo Emerson. The essay was published in 1841 during the transcendentalist movement. It was a way for writers to respond to or protest the general state of intellectualism and even spirituality. He speaks in this essay about ways to avoid conforming and also how each person should follow their own instincts and ideas. Emerson split many of the topics in this essay into differentRead MoreSelf Reliance By Ralph Waldo Emerson Analysis750 Words   |  3 PagesThe poem â€Å"Self-Reliance† by Ralph Waldo Emerson related to me the closest. One sentence from â€Å"Self-Reliance† connected to me on a personal level and in particular how I have been doing in my everyday life. Emerson states, â€Å"A man is relieved and gay when he has put his heart into his work and done his best; but what he has said and done otherwise, shall give him no peace.† (pg. 369) Up to this point I have not done my best in English class and haven’t been feeling too good about myself. I did notRead MoreNotes On Self Reliance By Ralph Waldo Emerson Essay1508 Words   |  7 Pages10/3/2016 Journasl Entries (1-5) Analytic Journal #1: Self- Reliance Self-Reliance is a transcendentalist essay by Ralph Waldo Emerson. The essay was published in 1841 during the transcendentalist movement. It was a way for writers to respond to or protest the general state of intellectualism and even spirituality. He speaks in this essay about ways to avoid conforming and also how each person should follow their own instincts and ideas. Emerson split many of the topics in this essay into differentRead MoreRalph Waldo Emerson Self Reliance1615 Words   |  7 PagesRalph Waldo Emerson’s essay Self- Reliance accurately claims that people’s sense of individualism is heavily influenced by the world’s opinion; his argument is viable because individualism tends to be changing due to the fact that people are influenced too easily in modern society. The emergence of social media in the contemporary society has created a more gullible population that is susceptible to believe and imitate what they read online. According to Psychology Today, a magazine website relatedRead MoreEssay on Response to Self-Reliance by Ralph Waldo Emerson883 Words   |  4 Pagesto Self-Reliance by Ralph Waldo Emerson I believe that, essentially, life consists of a series of choices. A grouping of these choices in one direction or another makes us who we are, and ultimately we have control over our lives. What makes one person different from another is his own set of choices. When going through life’s motions, we develop certain worldviews and ideas and values to live by. We develop an opinion of what makes a person â€Å"great.† In the well-known essay â€Å"Self-Reliance†, RalphRead MoreThe Theme of Self-Reliance in Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson821 Words   |  4 PagesThe Theme of Self-Reliance in Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson I will, in the following, discuss the theme of self-reliance in the above-mentioned texts. But what exactly is self-reliance? In his 1841 publication called Essays, Ralph Waldo Emerson includes an essay simply entitled Self-Reliance in which he states Trust thyself#8230;Great men have always done so and confided themselves childlike to the genius of their age#8230; . Self-reliance is thus defined as the ability to be your own masterRead More Ralph Waldo Emerson: Nonconformity, Integrity, and Self-Reliance945 Words   |  4 PagesRalph Waldo Emerson: Nonconformity, Integrity, and Self-Reliance Emersons transcendentalism is essentially a romantic individualism, a philosophy of life for a new people who had overthrown their colonial governors and set about conquering a new continent, in hopes of establishing new and unique views. Though Emerson is not a traditional philosopher, the tendency of his thought is toward inward reflection in which soul and intuition, or inspiration, are fundamental. The new American neededRead MoreAnalysis Of Emersons Self-Reliance By Ralph Waldo Emerson1179 Words   |  5 PagesIn the mid nineteenth century, Ralph Waldo Emerson led a movement to spread the idea of Transcendentalism through one of his famous essay, â€Å"Self-Reliance†, to advocate how an individual can achieve success and happiness. In order to achieve one’s fullest potential, one must resisted and rise above the temptation of materials of the physical world and start using one’s intuition. Emerson looks at the contemporary society as a corrupted for a soul to inhabit because of its dependence to the technologyRead MoreAnalysis Of Ralph Waldo Emerson s Self Reliance921 Words   |  4 PagesRalph Waldo Emerson, a loyal follower of transcendentalism and writer of several debatable essays, supports the idea of one following his or her own conscience instead of the restrictions of society’s mind. Transcendentalism, an American philosophical movement, takes place in the Nineteenth Century in which transcendentalists break free from the chains bounding them to the repetition of thought and action. In his essay, â€Å"Self-Reliance,† he asserts the importance of independent thinking, gives clear